L.d.c. S.a. (LOUP.PA) Valuation

Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value

+98.5%

€212.38

vs €107.00 price

Levered DCF

€283.65

After debt service

Piotroski score

5 / 9

Average

Altman Z-score

3.06

Safe zone

Rating

A+

Overall 4 / 5

Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

Metric	FY2025	FY2024	FY2023	FY2022	FY2021	FY2020	FY2019	FY2018
P/E	10.84×	9.59×	7.51×	8.72×	10×	11.92×	5.62×	6.29×
P/B	1.37×	1.02×	1.08×	0.52×	0.48×	0.55×	0.57×	0.72×
P/S	0.49×	0.37×	0.37×	0.17×	0.16×	0.19×	0.18×	0.23×
EV / EBITDA	4.68×	4.4×	3.74×	2.04×	2.45×	2.91×	3.19×	2.48×
Gross margin	7.1%	50.8%	30.4%	6.3%	5.0%	5.4%	5.7%	31.0%
Operating margin	6.2%	5.0%	6.1%	5.1%	4.2%	4.3%	4.4%	4.3%
Net margin	4.4%	3.9%	4.9%	3.8%	3.3%	3.2%	3.3%	3.6%
Current ratio	1.4×	1.47×	1.51×	1.47×	1.41×	1.41×	1.43×	1.56×
Debt / equity	0.28×	0.26×	0.2×	0.29×	0.28×	0.3×	0.37×	0.38×
Interest coverage	22.29×	22.43×	34×	49.92×	92.27×	39.07×	56.42×	66.44×
Dividend yield	1.6%	2.8%	2.1%	3.7%	4.0%	2.9%	3.5%	2.7%
Payout ratio	17.2%	26.7%	15.9%	16.1%	20.1%	17.2%	19.7%	17.3%

Key metrics by fiscal year

Metric	FY2025	FY2024	FY2023	FY2022	FY2021	FY2020	FY2019	FY2018
Return on equity	12.4%	10.6%	14.4%	12.0%	9.7%	9.2%	10.2%	11.4%
Return on invested capital	9.9%	7.7%	11.3%	9.1%	7.4%	6.9%	7.1%	7.5%
Return on assets	6.6%	5.7%	7.8%	6.0%	5.1%	4.7%	5.0%	5.4%
Free cash flow yield	7.2%	4.8%	8.6%	25.4%	9.2%	13.5%	5.4%	2.9%
Earnings yield	9.1%	10.4%	13.3%	22.9%	20.0%	16.8%	17.8%	15.9%
Enterprise value	€3.4B	€2.5B	€2.3B	€1.1B	€1B	€1.1B	€1.1B	€831.2M
Net debt / EBITDA	-0.25×	0.27×	0.03×	0.27×	0.46×	0.6×	0.94×	-0.31×
Cash conversion cycle (days)	45	39	36	42	39	50	51	-15