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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
-37.2%
€38.02
vs €60.50 price
Levered DCF
€67.15
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
2.97
Grey zone
Rating
B
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E22.91×17.9×16.75×13.09×22.43×31×16.2×13.29×
P/B3.16×2.47×2.23×3.02×3.18×2.1×1.82×1.44×
P/S1.45×1.05×0.81×1.01×1.08×0.77×0.72×0.67×
EV / EBITDA10.73×9.19×8.63×8.72×11.68×11.3×9.33×9.08×
Gross margin50.5%37.5%34.3%46.0%47.5%49.1%47.9%47.1%
Operating margin9.3%8.6%7.5%6.8%6.1%3.9%5.7%6.4%
Net margin6.3%5.9%4.8%7.7%4.8%2.5%4.5%5.0%
Current ratio2.12×1.86×1.78×2.09×1.48×1.78×1.36×1.92×
Debt / equity1.69×1.66×1.7×2.12×2.21×2.22×1.49×1.42×
Interest coverage4.26×6.03×4.49×4.24×13.31×6.39×6.9×12.16×
Dividend yield1.1%1.4%1.8%1.2%1.1%1.9%2.0%2.6%
Payout ratio24.5%25.8%30.8%16.3%25.3%60.7%31.5%34.2%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity13.8%13.8%13.3%23.1%14.2%6.7%11.3%10.8%
Return on invested capital5.5%5.5%6.2%5.1%4.3%2.8%4.6%4.9%
Return on assets4.0%4.1%3.8%5.7%3.3%1.6%3.2%3.4%
Free cash flow yield4.1%9.5%7.1%-0.5%-1.8%5.0%7.9%-3.2%
Earnings yield4.4%5.6%6.0%7.6%4.5%3.2%6.2%7.5%
Enterprise value€1B€758.7M€667.8M€886.4M€736M€481.6M€433.4M€321.4M
Net debt / EBITDA1.65×1.73×2.19×2.57×3.22×4.07×3.24×3.28×
Cash conversion cycle (days)5657668253151634