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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+270.4%
€15.00
vs €4.05 price
Levered DCF
€33.97
After debt service
Piotroski score
3 / 9
Weak
Altman Z-score
0.17
Distress zone
Rating
B+
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E11.57×7.66×8.82×10.06×7.24×9.35×7.61×13.65×
P/B1.4×0.85×0.7×0.71×0.65×0.57×0.81×0.89×
P/S0.5×0.29×0.23×0.26×0.27×0.25×0.32×0.32×
EV / EBITDA5.76×4.17×3.53×4.91×3.77×4.21×6.27×5.63×
Gross margin77.0%78.4%79.1%77.3%77.6%75.9%77.9%78.0%
Operating margin9.6%8.1%6.4%5.9%6.6%5.9%5.6%6.1%
Net margin4.3%3.7%2.6%2.6%3.7%2.8%2.7%2.4%
Current ratio0.66×0.59×9.21×11.88×10.95×11.45×12.77×14.81×
Debt / equity0.35×0.34×0.36×0.6×0.4×0.38×0.52×0.51×
Interest coverage0×0×0×13.7×903.4×11,186×3,198.13×821.27×
Dividend yield9.0%14.6%16.2%15.9%11.1%13.6%11.7%12.2%
Payout ratio104.5%113.6%142.4%155.5%80.3%125.1%138.6%163.3%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity12.0%10.9%8.0%7.2%9.0%6.2%6.9%6.6%
Return on invested capital10.0%2.9%2.7%1.5%1.5%1.2%1.1%1.1%
Return on assets1.9%1.7%1.2%0.9%1.2%0.8%0.8%0.8%
Free cash flow yield10.8%16.1%23.5%15.5%-11.1%-18.2%-4.3%5.4%
Earnings yield8.6%12.9%11.4%10.2%13.9%10.9%8.5%7.5%
Enterprise value€14.5B€8.8B€6.9B€7.6B€6B€5.7B€9.3B€8.9B
Net debt / EBITDA0.55×0.6×0.49×1.33×0.31×0.63×1.39×1.17×
Cash conversion cycle (days)24214-57-41-175-49-16