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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+54.6%
€293.37
vs €189.80 price
Levered DCF
€1,238.06
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
3.01
Safe zone
Rating
A
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E21.71×14.42×44.48×22.12×765.56×50.7×16.01×29.79×
P/B1.67×0.97×0.97×0.98×1.4×1.81×1.26×1.23×
P/S0.94×0.51×0.55×0.6×1.2×0.93×0.73×0.91×
EV / EBITDA3.8×1.46×3.69×2.69×9.25×8.15×3.5×4.01×
Gross margin17.9%13.4%37.7%39.6%45.6%46.1%41.2%37.0%
Operating margin10.7%6.8%3.5%5.0%2.3%4.1%5.3%6.6%
Net margin4.3%3.5%1.2%2.7%0.2%1.8%4.6%3.0%
Current ratio2.77×2.5×2.66×3.09×3.06×2.38×2.26×3.43×
Debt / equity0.13×0.11×0.1×0.12×0.15×0.22×0.26×0.17×
Interest coverage37.19×17.93×9.79×13.64×6.01×8.16×12.54×18.31×
Dividend yield1.6%1.0%1.1%2.2%1.3%0.6%1.0%1.9%
Payout ratio34.9%14.3%47.0%47.6%995.3%32.7%15.2%56.5%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity7.7%6.7%2.2%4.5%0.2%3.6%7.9%4.1%
Return on invested capital7.5%5.3%2.7%2.8%0.1%2.0%3.7%4.1%
Return on assets3.6%3.1%1.1%2.2%0.1%1.6%3.2%2.1%
Free cash flow yield16.2%27.0%13.8%-1.7%2.5%3.4%11.4%0.2%
Earnings yield4.6%6.9%2.2%4.5%0.1%2.0%6.2%3.4%
Enterprise value€675.9M€214.7M€281.1M€238.8M€485.8M€511.7M€277.9M€215.5M
Net debt / EBITDA-2.4×-2.23×-3.41×-3.33×-6.26×-2.1×-1.93×-4.54×
Cash conversion cycle (days)55727981847910380