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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+139.6%
€22.47
vs €9.38 price
Levered DCF
€19.15
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
7.81
Safe zone
Rating
A-
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E21.57×20.2×22.95×15.64×28.23×27.61×22.38×12.88×
P/B7.07×6.48×8.21×6.42×9.84×7×7.45×4.42×
P/S2.77×2.68×3.1×2.14×4.51×2.99×2.31×1.58×
EV / EBITDA12.76×11.55×13.32×8.96×15.13×12×10.11×7.64×
Gross margin60.5%60.5%61.1%61.3%61.7%60.7%64.2%63.4%
Operating margin16.8%17.2%18.0%18.2%20.5%15.7%13.6%15.8%
Net margin12.9%13.3%13.6%13.6%16.0%10.8%10.4%12.2%
Current ratio2.71×2.89×2.64×2.32×2.38×2.13×1.82×3.09×
Debt / equity0.69×0.41×0.5×0.61×0.46×0.72×0.94×0.01×
Interest coverage16.74×19.77×23.86×28.77×30.67×17.96×16.85×134.25×
Dividend yield5.0%3.1%2.6%10.5%1.1%0.0%5.2%2.3%
Payout ratio108.2%61.6%58.4%164.6%29.9%0.0%115.2%29.5%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity32.8%32.3%35.9%41.0%35.0%25.2%33.4%34.2%
Return on invested capital24.4%21.6%25.3%26.4%24.3%16.5%17.9%34.2%
Return on assets18.7%18.7%19.1%19.8%18.4%11.6%13.4%24.0%
Free cash flow yield6.0%5.5%5.1%5.4%5.1%6.8%9.5%6.3%
Earnings yield4.6%5.0%4.4%6.4%3.6%3.6%4.5%7.7%
Enterprise value€539.6M€479.6M€535.9M€357.1M€659.6M€366.2M€300.3M€154.2M
Net debt / EBITDA0.35×-0.23×-0.1×0.03×-0.63×-0.1×0.35×-1.13×
Cash conversion cycle (days)85168140162123125139161