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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
-69.0%
€5.26
vs €16.96 price
Levered DCF
€4.15
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
3.38
Safe zone
Rating
B
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E29.37×22.45×13.89×25.29×25.97×43.05×38.4×-8.54×
P/B4.66×2.86×2.91×3.4×3.44×2.96×2.79×1.53×
P/S2.37×1.53×1.41×1.5×1.83×1.82×0.87×0.45×
EV / EBITDA14.52×9.59×8.88×13.81×13.87×16.89×2.73×-52.55×
Gross margin32.0%33.4%31.6%26.2%27.8%26.8%29.8%15.4%
Operating margin14.0%14.9%14.9%9.5%10.0%7.2%8.9%-5.2%
Net margin8.1%6.8%10.1%5.7%8.1%4.2%2.3%-5.3%
Current ratio1.48×1.54×1.6×1.36×1.26×1.53×1.07×1.29×
Debt / equity0.6×0.62×0.59×0.55×0.42×0.66×0.77×0.54×
Interest coverage6.87×6.92×7.97×11.45×18.48×8.24×11.41×-9.44×
Dividend yield2.5%4.0%3.3%2.5%2.1%3.0%14.1%0.0%
Payout ratio74.5%90.6%45.7%65.8%48.5%129.7%542.1%0.0%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity15.9%12.6%20.8%12.9%15.2%6.8%7.3%-18.0%
Return on invested capital12.2%12.0%12.2%9.3%9.0%4.7%12.1%-8.4%
Return on assets5.9%4.7%7.6%4.5%5.9%2.5%1.8%-5.0%
Free cash flow yield5.1%1.9%1.7%0.2%5.4%6.7%4.7%8.5%
Earnings yield3.4%4.4%7.2%3.8%4.4%2.3%2.6%-11.7%
Enterprise value€13.5B€8.6B€8.5B€8.6B€8.2B€6.8B€1.1B€541.3M
Net debt / EBITDA1.18×1.31×0.93×1.1×0.81×2×0.05×3.15×
Cash conversion cycle (days)24125023120017633165134