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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
-22.0%
€50.92
vs €65.30 price
Levered DCF
€101.28
After debt service
Piotroski score
4 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
1.98
Grey zone
Rating
B-
Overall 2 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E24.07×14.71×29.04×8.8×18.67×20.47×12.6×13.45×
P/B0.88×0.75×1.26×1.55×2.13×2.14×1.59×1.59×
P/S0.48×0.39×0.61×0.65×1.15×1.31×0.94×0.94×
EV / EBITDA8.59×6.67×9.86×6.47×12.73×9.35×6.61×6.83×
Gross margin20.8%42.6%40.1%24.1%21.5%25.5%24.6%23.4%
Operating margin2.6%4.7%4.7%10.9%6.8%9.2%10.0%9.3%
Net margin1.9%2.7%2.1%7.3%6.2%6.4%7.5%7.0%
Current ratio1.58×1.72×1.75×1.99×1.99×2.2×1.98×2.84×
Debt / equity0.67×0.77×1.01×0.9×0.86×0.17×0.23×0.15×
Interest coverage1.92×2.28×3.39×15.62×8.41×29.43×30.41×35.72×
Dividend yield1.9%1.9%3.3%2.3%1.8%1.9%2.7%2.8%
Payout ratio46.8%27.7%96.3%20.4%33.8%39.7%33.7%37.9%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity3.6%5.1%4.3%17.6%11.4%10.5%12.6%11.8%
Return on invested capital1.5%4.7%3.0%9.6%4.9%8.5%9.5%9.5%
Return on assets1.7%2.2%1.7%7.1%4.7%6.7%7.8%7.9%
Free cash flow yield-2.2%18.6%14.3%-1.0%0.6%5.0%8.2%5.5%
Earnings yield4.1%6.8%3.4%11.4%5.4%4.9%7.9%7.4%
Enterprise value€2.8B€2.7B€3.8B€4.5B€4.6B€3.4B€2.6B€2.2B
Net debt / EBITDA2.84×2.74×3.28×2.13×2.95×0.33×0.55×-0.16×
Cash conversion cycle (days)3625521029610310596