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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+150.1%
€1,428.25
vs €571.00 price
Levered DCF
-€870.05
After debt service
Piotroski score
4 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
0.73
Distress zone
Rating
B+
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E11.92×11.39×11.07×12.34×12.44×28.13×13.87×12.13×
P/B2.19×1.98×1.72×2.01×1.18×1.14×1.24×1.06×
P/S1.05×1.53×1.29×1.07×0.57×0.58×0.65×0.54×
EV / EBITDA8×6.57×6.11×3×7.23×15.06×7.7×6.76×
Gross margin100.0%103.3%103.5%102.6%83.4%83.0%82.9%81.6%
Operating margin12.4%20.6%17.9%25.2%6.4%2.5%6.5%6.7%
Net margin8.8%13.4%11.6%13.4%4.6%2.1%4.7%4.4%
Current ratio0×0.86×5.23×9.64×10.82×11.12×12.87×19.23×
Debt / equity0.22×0.19×0.16×0.31×0.22×0.23×0.17×0.18×
Interest coverage23.38×26.62×24.1×34.99×12.31×4.38×10.48×12.32×
Dividend yield3.6%3.1%3.1%3.7%3.8%4.1%3.5%4.6%
Payout ratio42.7%35.3%34.4%29.2%47.0%114.6%49.0%55.7%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity18.4%17.4%15.5%25.2%9.5%4.1%8.9%8.8%
Return on invested capital2.2%2.8%2.3%2.8%1.0%0.4%1.0%0.9%
Return on assets2.2%2.0%1.7%1.8%0.9%0.4%0.9%0.9%
Free cash flow yield1.5%4.4%4.7%-43.2%14.3%21.2%41.5%10.7%
Earnings yield8.4%8.8%9.0%12.5%8.0%3.6%7.2%8.2%
Enterprise value€74.9B€61.8B€47.1B€39.5B€34.5B€31.7B€34.2B€27.7B
Net debt / EBITDA0.21×-0.31×-0.5×-0.22×-0.41×-1.1×-0.8×-0.08×
Cash conversion cycle (days)11951482,112-541-527-458-439