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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
-101.5%
-€2.01
vs €133.50 price
Levered DCF
-€0.41
After debt service
Piotroski score
4 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
4.29
Safe zone
Rating
A-
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E8.6×6.91×21.72×3.3×4.66×9.77×9.55×9.45×
P/B0.92×0.63×0.72×0.55×0.83×0.91×0.71×1.07×
P/S0.26×0.17×0.18×0.13×0.17×0.21×0.17×0.26×
EV / EBITDA4.95×3.81×7.61×1.76×2.41×4.57×4.12×5.6×
Gross margin5.5%9.8%6.4%9.7%11.7%11.0%9.0%9.4%
Operating margin3.4%3.0%0.9%5.0%5.1%3.0%2.5%3.2%
Net margin3.0%2.4%0.8%3.9%3.7%2.1%1.8%2.8%
Current ratio2.21×2.15×2.38×2.35×2.38×2.44×2.47×2.57×
Debt / equity0.11×0.08×0.06×0.08×0.17×0.2×0.12×0.12×
Interest coverage27.22×14.39×6.76×58.56×33.99×20.14×16.94×27.39×
Dividend yield1.4%2.1%2.6%3.0%2.0%2.2%3.8%2.4%
Payout ratio12.2%14.7%55.8%9.8%9.3%21.2%36.6%22.9%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity10.8%9.1%3.3%16.8%17.8%9.3%7.4%11.3%
Return on invested capital7.0%7.1%2.6%13.2%12.8%6.6%5.9%8.2%
Return on assets6.0%5.3%1.9%9.6%9.3%4.8%4.2%6.4%
Free cash flow yield-1.8%-10.8%-1.7%-2.5%19.6%8.8%2.7%1.3%
Earnings yield11.6%14.5%4.6%30.3%21.5%10.2%10.4%10.6%
Enterprise value€4.9B€2.9B€2.8B€2B€2.5B€2.7B€1.7B€2.6B
Net debt / EBITDA0.23×0.08×-0.62×-0.34×-0.35×0.17×-0.28×-0.32×
Cash conversion cycle (days)6260545548584742