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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
-10.8%
€105.55
vs €118.30 price
Levered DCF
€260.46
After debt service
Piotroski score
4 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
1.45
Distress zone
Rating
C
Overall 2 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E15.57×16.31×15.6×15×22.89×32.92×-16.11×76.03×
P/B2.79×2.51×2.03×2.23×2.59×2.11×1.56×0.8×
P/S0.71×0.53×0.44×0.44×0.51×0.43×0.28×0.16×
EV / EBITDA9.45×8.31×7.22×6.94×9.09×7.01×17.87×5.67×
Gross margin11.6%13.7%12.8%11.9%10.6%11.0%11.7%11.7%
Operating margin5.4%6.6%5.3%4.7%4.6%4.1%3.3%2.6%
Net margin4.5%3.3%2.8%2.9%2.2%1.3%-1.7%0.2%
Current ratio1.22×1.2×1.06×1.07×1.22×1.2×1.31×1.39×
Debt / equity0.95×1.07×0.79×0.8×0.72×1.09×0.92×0.93×
Interest coverage8.02×10.29×7.02×10.68×14.08×5.47×5.12×3.31×
Dividend yield2.1%2.2%2.7%1.4%0.8%0.2%0.7%3.1%
Payout ratio33.0%36.6%41.6%21.6%18.9%5.1%-11.1%235.7%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity17.6%15.4%13.0%14.8%11.3%6.4%-9.7%1.1%
Return on invested capital6.7%9.4%8.9%8.4%7.8%3.3%7.4%1.1%
Return on assets4.4%3.6%3.4%3.8%2.9%1.5%-2.3%0.3%
Free cash flow yield8.3%10.0%9.4%6.7%5.2%9.0%3.3%5.3%
Earnings yield6.3%6.1%6.4%6.7%4.4%3.0%-6.2%1.3%
Enterprise value€5.8B€5.2B€3.7B€3.9B€3.8B€2.7B€2.4B€1.4B
Net debt / EBITDA0.43×1.08×0.42×0.33×0.18×0.46×3.57×1.35×
Cash conversion cycle (days)3750434440484651