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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
-52.1%
€77.44
vs €161.60 price
Levered DCF
-€1.49
After debt service
Piotroski score
5 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
4.43
Safe zone
Rating
B
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E25.84×40.21×19.74×19.61×34.39×49×32.45×15.89×
P/B2.9×2.71×2.72×3.19×4.64×3.95×3.99×2.94×
P/S1.84×1.71×1.59×1.85×2.76×2.5×2.48×1.66×
EV / EBITDA14.54×16.38×9.91×11.27×17.16×20.98×17.08×9.18×
Gross margin36.9%36.1%37.3%35.9%36.4%35.1%34.1%35.7%
Operating margin8.4%6.5%11.4%13.0%12.1%7.3%10.3%14.4%
Net margin7.1%4.3%8.1%9.4%8.0%5.1%7.6%10.4%
Current ratio2.3×2.28×2.21×1.77×2.42×2.95×2.83×2.72×
Debt / equity0.43×0.33×0.03×0.14×0.04×0.19×0.19×0.16×
Interest coverage8.46×7.12×18.88×139.77×110.43×50.22×76.38×130.85×
Dividend yield3.0%2.1%0.1%2.4%0.7%0.8%1.4%1.8%
Payout ratio78.7%82.7%1.4%46.6%25.5%39.0%46.9%28.7%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity11.2%6.7%13.8%16.3%13.5%8.1%12.3%18.5%
Return on invested capital6.4%5.6%11.1%13.3%11.5%5.9%9.1%14.0%
Return on assets6.2%3.6%8.0%10.0%8.8%4.8%7.3%11.0%
Free cash flow yield-0.3%-0.1%0.9%-2.0%2.3%1.9%1.9%2.6%
Earnings yield3.9%2.5%5.1%5.1%2.9%2.0%3.1%6.3%
Enterprise value€1.7B€1.6B€1.4B€1.7B€2.1B€1.5B€1.5B€1B
Net debt / EBITDA0.99×0.6×-0.6×0.05×-0.68×-0.7×-0.43×-0.42×
Cash conversion cycle (days)175174163170144143140143