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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+73.1%
€26.66
vs €15.40 price
Levered DCF
€54.34
After debt service
Piotroski score
7 / 9
Strong
Altman Z-score
5.72
Safe zone
Rating
A+
Overall 5 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E11.15×9.47×10.27×11.58×9.18×8.91×10.78×11.77×
P/B0.88×0.91×1.05×1.19×1.44×1.39×1.45×1.32×
P/S1.02×1.02×1.11×1.06×1.3×1.35×1.32×1.11×
EV / EBITDA5.33×4.73×5.32×6.05×5.73×4.95×5.57×5.61×
Gross margin24.6%24.4%23.9%23.5%25.8%29.0%25.2%23.3%
Operating margin13.3%14.7%14.4%14.5%17.5%20.0%16.1%14.2%
Net margin9.1%10.8%10.9%9.1%14.2%15.2%12.2%9.5%
Current ratio7.92×7.37×7.78×5.78×5.3×6.35×4.83×4.18×
Debt / equity0.02×0.02×0.02×0.04×0.03×0.05×0.08×0.06×
Interest coverage70.33×55.35×56.49×68.89×124.64×79.22×59.98×63×
Dividend yield3.9%3.6%3.0%0.1%0.3%3.0%2.5%1.5%
Payout ratio43.3%34.3%31.0%0.8%2.8%26.8%27.3%17.1%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity7.9%9.6%10.2%10.3%15.7%15.6%13.5%11.2%
Return on invested capital7.5%9.2%9.8%11.3%14.2%15.1%12.0%10.8%
Return on assets6.7%8.0%8.6%8.3%12.6%12.7%10.4%8.6%
Free cash flow yield10.1%6.3%7.9%8.9%-1.1%6.4%8.8%6.4%
Earnings yield9.0%10.6%9.8%8.6%10.9%11.2%9.3%8.5%
Enterprise value€337.4M€317.6M€339.1M€370.8M€441.4M€348.7M€324M€266.3M
Net debt / EBITDA-0.99×-1.14×-1.17×-1.14×-0.6×-0.9×-0.97×-0.91×
Cash conversion cycle (days)186177173151165153140152