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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+30.0%
€57.01
vs €43.85 price
Levered DCF
€59.39
After debt service
Piotroski score
4 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
3.68
Safe zone
Rating
A
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E11.83×8.57×8.69×7.45×11.71×18.57×15.39×13.09×
P/B2.28×1.83×1.63×1.26×1.56×1.95×2.34×1.75×
P/S4.07×3.25×2.64×2.03×2.79×3.67×3.66×2.76×
EV / EBITDA7.25×4.69×3.98×3.38×5.69×8.32×8.14×5.96×
Gross margin58.7%58.8%59.9%57.1%49.8%45.3%49.6%44.6%
Operating margin43.2%45.0%46.0%44.7%34.2%29.3%33.8%29.4%
Net margin34.4%37.9%30.4%27.2%23.8%19.8%23.8%21.0%
Current ratio1.82×2.88×2.94×2.87×3.68×4.18×3.22×2.03×
Debt / equity0.14×0.22×0.27×0.33×0.4×0.47×0.53×0.3×
Interest coverage37.01×39.24×32.77×32.92×15.93×11.42×14.56×39.05×
Dividend yield4.7%4.5%4.5%4.0%2.3%2.8%1.9%1.2%
Payout ratio55.7%38.2%38.9%29.7%27.2%51.1%29.9%15.3%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity19.3%21.4%18.8%16.8%13.3%10.6%15.2%13.3%
Return on invested capital13.7%13.5%12.9%11.9%8.0%6.0%8.5%7.2%
Return on assets12.4%13.1%10.9%9.2%6.9%5.5%7.5%7.0%
Free cash flow yield1.6%6.0%11.5%15.4%7.3%4.3%7.8%8.1%
Earnings yield8.4%11.7%11.5%13.4%8.5%5.4%6.5%7.6%
Enterprise value€931M€635.4M€473.2M€326.3M€405.2M€493M€563.2M€347.8M
Net debt / EBITDA-0.69×-0.85×-0.9×-0.71×-0.35×0.09×0.25×-0.32×
Cash conversion cycle (days)-103-540620131024