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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+77.9%
€10.85
vs €6.10 price
Levered DCF
€5.31
After debt service
Piotroski score
4 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
0.94
Distress zone
Rating
A-
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E5.76×3.62×7.89×6.43×12.51×9.26×22×15.04×
P/B0.6×0.38×0.86×0.88×1.86×1.8×2.89×2.54×
P/S0.37×0.25×0.47×0.5×1×0.96×1.46×1.32×
EV / EBITDA3.18×3.03×3.62×3.35×4.69×4.1×6.4×5.46×
Gross margin20.5%62.9%21.1%62.7%63.9%65.1%64.2%63.1%
Operating margin8.9%10.8%10.0%11.1%11.6%14.8%9.9%13.5%
Net margin6.4%7.0%6.0%7.7%8.0%10.4%6.6%8.8%
Current ratio0.91×0.74×0.73×0.65×0.67×0.79×0.77×0.78×
Debt / equity1.21×1.11×1.28×1.07×1.1×1.02×0.99×0.83×
Interest coverage3.01×3.76×6.01×11.76×12.17×16.1×11.35×14.96×
Dividend yield6.8%22.2%13.7%13.3%7.0%9.3%5.9%6.4%
Payout ratio39.2%80.5%108.4%86.0%87.6%86.0%130.3%95.5%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity10.5%10.4%10.8%13.6%14.9%19.4%13.1%16.9%
Return on invested capital4.3%5.7%5.3%6.1%7.0%9.0%6.3%8.6%
Return on assets3.1%3.4%3.2%4.3%4.8%6.4%4.2%5.9%
Free cash flow yield11.6%7.9%5.9%9.5%8.7%8.1%6.8%6.0%
Earnings yield17.4%27.5%12.6%15.5%8.0%10.8%4.5%6.7%
Enterprise value€6.3B€5.9B€6.3B€6.1B€8.5B€7.9B€10.7B€9.8B
Net debt / EBITDA2.03×2.2×2×1.77×1.66×1.37×1.49×1.2×
Cash conversion cycle (days)-22-139-32-145-193-147-137-132