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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+83.1%
€63.90
vs €34.91 price
Levered DCF
€3.27
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
4.01
Safe zone
Rating
A-
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2026FY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019
P/E8.58×8.96×16.76×28.18×4.33×61.46×30.14×81.2×
P/B1.85×2.17×2.79×6.04×1.61×10.65×3.89×12.62×
P/S10.3×17.95×21.08×46.7×11.8×89.66×33.99×129.5×
EV / EBITDA240.55×8.98×16.7×26.33×4.56×59.21×27.28×71.6×
Gross margin44.8%42.5%40.6%28.7%30.0%32.5%34.6%39.7%
Operating margin3.1%2.8%-10.0%-23.2%-12.5%-19.1%-17.8%-15.6%
Net margin119.9%200.4%120.8%175.4%272.8%145.6%113.2%162.7%
Current ratio2.43×3.54×4.77×5.31×3.46×1.78×4.24×6.33×
Debt / equity0.33×0.32×0.4×0.36×0.32×0.19×0.13×0.12×
Interest coverage0.47×0.32×-1.06×-2.52×-2.13×-3.73×-2.66×0×
Dividend yield0.5%0.2%0.2%0.1%0.3%0.0%0.2%0.0%
Payout ratio4.4%2.2%3.0%1.9%1.3%2.9%5.7%0.0%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2026FY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019
Return on equity21.5%24.2%16.0%22.7%37.2%17.3%13.0%15.8%
Return on invested capital0.4%0.3%-0.9%-2.2%-1.3%-1.9%-1.7%-1.2%
Return on assets14.6%17.0%10.7%15.5%26.3%13.4%10.5%13.1%
Free cash flow yield1.5%1.6%0.8%-0.1%-1.0%0.0%-0.3%-0.1%
Earnings yield11.6%11.2%5.7%3.8%23.1%1.6%3.3%1.3%
Enterprise value€110.2B€120.1B€129.4B€276B€87.4B€463.4B€113B€345B
Net debt / EBITDA23.8×0.7×1.83×0.64×0.34×0.59×-0.04×0.24×
Cash conversion cycle (days)71125321058-1-3