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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
-89.0%
€11.82
vs €107.40 price
Levered DCF
€59.28
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
2.63
Grey zone
Rating
B
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E20×23.81×21.22×18.15×28.3×42.76×19.36×32.92×
P/B3.82×3.41×2.97×2.55×2.99×3.39×2.34×1.89×
P/S1.26×1.02×0.73×0.57×0.68×0.76×0.49×0.42×
EV / EBITDA10.87×13.08×10.19×9.31×12.12×14.85×9.35×17.75×
Gross margin38.2%36.9%37.1%33.9%32.0%36.1%37.3%34.3%
Operating margin7.5%7.1%5.6%5.3%4.5%3.5%4.9%3.1%
Net margin6.5%4.3%3.4%3.1%2.4%1.8%2.5%1.3%
Current ratio1.23×1.15×1.18×1.21×1.14×1.26×1.23×1.3×
Debt / equity0.8×1.06×0.82×0.86×1.28×1.4×1.34×1.44×
Interest coverage1.51×4.64×5.62×7.65×5.55×3.84×5.81×3.37×
Dividend yield1.0%1.2%1.4%1.6%1.5%0.9%2.0%2.5%
Payout ratio18.8%27.7%29.9%29.4%42.9%37.1%38.7%80.8%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity19.6%14.3%14.0%14.1%10.6%7.9%12.1%5.8%
Return on invested capital8.8%7.8%7.9%7.8%4.9%3.8%5.7%3.1%
Return on assets6.3%4.0%4.0%4.0%2.6%1.8%2.8%1.3%
Free cash flow yield4.8%6.6%7.1%6.4%5.7%5.8%9.0%4.1%
Earnings yield5.1%4.2%4.7%5.5%3.5%2.3%5.2%3.0%
Enterprise value€27.9B€21.7B€12.6B€10.9B€10.7B€9.7B€7.8B€6.5B
Net debt / EBITDA1.24×2.62×1.1×1.52×2.29×3.09×2.6×6.14×
Cash conversion cycle (days)79896967525346-14