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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+72.7%
€5.15
vs €2.98 price
Levered DCF
€4.94
After debt service
Piotroski score
5 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
2.02
Grey zone
Rating
B+
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E11.82×11.27×14.83×14.75×30.39×4.07×19.37×20.09×
P/B1.92×1.11×1.39×1.25×1.8×1.93×2.65×2.65×
P/S0.28×0.18×0.22×0.23×0.36×0.38×0.52×0.67×
EV / EBITDA5.37×4.25×5.58×5.14×6.71×3.41×6.21×7.76×
Gross margin20.4%25.0%20.3%23.8%23.1%22.7%24.5%24.2%
Operating margin6.3%5.9%5.5%6.1%5.0%15.4%7.9%7.7%
Net margin2.4%1.6%1.5%1.5%1.2%9.3%2.7%3.4%
Current ratio1×1.12×1.11×1.1×1.13×1.37×1.5×1.95×
Debt / equity3.77×2.41×2.67×3.36×2.57×2.8×2.12×1.51×
Interest coverage3.18×2.83×2.53×3.4×3.34×7.79×5.13×6.01×
Dividend yield6.7%10.1%4.5%11.1%6.5%4.1%4.9%4.5%
Payout ratio78.2%115.9%64.4%161.5%196.7%16.8%94.2%89.4%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity16.6%9.6%9.6%8.6%5.9%47.6%13.8%13.3%
Return on invested capital5.0%4.6%4.1%2.9%2.0%12.7%6.8%6.7%
Return on assets2.4%1.7%1.6%1.3%1.1%8.5%2.9%3.5%
Free cash flow yield17.5%17.6%14.7%14.8%15.0%13.4%7.4%2.3%
Earnings yield8.6%8.7%6.9%6.8%3.3%24.6%5.2%5.0%
Enterprise value€2.9B€2.2B€2.3B€2.3B€2.4B€2.5B€3.4B€3.6B
Net debt / EBITDA2.82×2.48×3.31×3.05×3.29×1.6×2.23×2.05×
Cash conversion cycle (days)6449515837384646