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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+234.2%
€336.22
vs €100.60 price
Levered DCF
€387.60
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
1.39
Distress zone
Rating
B+
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E13.47×15.56×16.06×12.2×14.33×16.98×11.24×12.49×
P/B2.13×2.33×2.15×1.55×1.71×1.36×1.28×1.68×
P/S1.28×1.61×1.42×1.05×1.25×0.91×0.86×1.15×
EV / EBITDA7.53×8.68×8.21×5.72×7.08×6.57×6.72×8.34×
Gross margin100.0%43.3%43.2%14.5%12.2%12.9%14.3%43.2%
Operating margin14.9%13.8%11.8%14.5%12.2%12.9%14.3%15.6%
Net margin9.5%10.3%8.9%8.6%8.7%5.3%7.6%9.2%
Current ratio0.97×0.91×0.94×0.94×0.94×0.9×0.88×0.94×
Debt / equity0.54×0.47×0.57×0.64×0.67×0.93×1.14×0.72×
Interest coverage12.87×10.75×8.74×10.05×7.75×5.32×7.31×10.62×
Dividend yield4.1%3.3%3.4%4.0%1.5%1.0%3.0%1.8%
Payout ratio54.6%51.4%55.3%49.3%22.1%17.7%33.9%22.9%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity15.8%15.0%13.4%12.7%12.0%8.0%11.4%13.4%
Return on invested capital11.4%9.8%8.3%9.2%7.3%7.1%6.8%9.5%
Return on assets4.1%4.2%3.6%3.4%3.1%1.9%2.6%3.4%
Free cash flow yield12.2%8.0%8.9%14.8%10.7%27.5%22.4%15.1%
Earnings yield7.4%6.4%6.2%8.2%7.0%5.9%8.9%8.0%
Enterprise value€23.9B€27.4B€22B€16.5B€16.8B€12.7B€14.5B€13.2B
Net debt / EBITDA0.51×0.49×0.35×0.55×0.87×1.52×2.33×1.08×
Cash conversion cycle (days)372-362-345-104-102-140-130-396