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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+19.7%
€32.15
vs €26.86 price
Levered DCF
-€2.39
After debt service
Piotroski score
4 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
1.54
Distress zone
Rating
C-
Overall 1 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E-5.1×23.47×24.89×24.03×51.93×174.11×39.06×34.72×
P/B1.87×2.33×2.96×3.43×7.27×8.01×5.45×3.81×
P/S0.45×0.75×0.88×1×2.36×2.64×1.86×1.4×
EV / EBITDA-295.06×8.12×9.39×10.06×19.98×28.72×14.92×14.69×
Gross margin44.9%47.4%46.3%46.1%47.9%47.0%48.8%48.4%
Operating margin-4.9%7.1%7.2%7.6%8.2%4.0%8.0%7.3%
Net margin-8.8%3.2%3.5%4.2%4.5%1.5%4.8%4.0%
Current ratio1.18×1.5×1.55×1.48×1.61×1.4×1.59×1.83×
Debt / equity1.47×0.61×0.71×0.63×0.63×0.7×0.49×0.01×
Interest coverage-2.16×4.84×6.17×5.18×12.55×4.82×9.21×22.34×
Dividend yield2.7%1.9%1.6%1.3%0.1%0.0%0.5%2.9%
Payout ratio-13.9%43.6%40.3%30.5%7.7%0.0%19.9%99.7%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity-36.7%10.0%11.9%14.3%14.0%4.6%14.0%11.0%
Return on invested capital-8.1%10.0%10.5%11.7%10.9%5.1%11.0%12.2%
Return on assets-10.0%3.9%4.6%5.2%5.4%1.7%6.0%5.8%
Free cash flow yield-19.3%6.6%4.7%1.8%1.6%2.0%3.2%2.3%
Earnings yield-19.7%4.3%4.0%4.2%1.9%0.6%2.6%2.9%
Enterprise value€5.6B€7.9B€8.8B€9.6B€16.7B€14.3B€10.6B€6B
Net debt / EBITDA-121.29×1.38×1.33×1.15×0.77×1.09×0.56×-1.08×
Cash conversion cycle (days)13362839586768283