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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
-37.6%
€222.70
vs €356.75 price
Levered DCF
€232.57
After debt service
Piotroski score
7 / 9
Strong
Altman Z-score
8.23
Safe zone
Rating
B+
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E35.49×48.69×44.17×39.25×50.56×57.34×39.65×20.8×
P/B14.53×20.98×18.07×14.12×19.02×19.53×18.65×12.1×
P/S7.94×11.1×9.26×7.18×9.82×10.08×7.33×4.77×
EV / EBITDA20.99×29.19×24.69×21.46×28.27×31.8×22.66×15.66×
Gross margin51.7%50.1%49.8%48.0%51.3%51.3%52.1%52.6%
Operating margin29.8%28.3%27.3%24.4%25.2%21.1%24.4%24.2%
Net margin22.4%22.8%21.0%18.3%19.5%17.6%18.5%22.9%
Current ratio1.69×3.37×1.75×3.73×3.39×3.89×3.28×3.34×
Debt / equity0.74×0.95×0.81×1.08×1.19×1.53×1.41×1.43×
Interest coverage45.37×40.42×45.13×22.93×27.97×14.54×19.19×32.2×
Dividend yield0.9%0.6%0.6%0.7%0.4%0.6%0.7%0.8%
Payout ratio33.1%28.9%26.2%26.8%19.3%34.2%27.7%17.0%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity41.0%43.1%40.9%36.0%37.7%34.0%47.0%58.2%
Return on invested capital18.9%19.1%19.7%12.9%13.5%10.5%15.8%19.7%
Return on assets16.2%16.0%15.6%12.0%12.1%9.7%12.8%16.2%
Free cash flow yield3.3%1.3%1.5%1.6%1.3%0.4%2.2%1.8%
Earnings yield2.8%2.1%2.3%2.5%2.0%1.7%2.5%4.8%
Enterprise value€58.2B€75.7B€56.7B€38B€43.2B€36.2B€28.8B€17.5B
Net debt / EBITDA0.51×0.62×0.59×0.8×0.84×1.2×0.94×1.02×
Cash conversion cycle (days)651301124-10-19-8-36