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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+196.6%
€6.69
vs €2.26 price
Levered DCF
€4.72
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
5.76
Safe zone
Rating
A-
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E17.6×19.55×18.18×31.6×25.92×21.27×21.25×13.33×
P/B1.63×1.32×1.2×1.5×1.89×1.86×1.97×1.43×
P/S1.86×1.5×1.42×1.79×2.15×2.15×2.26×1.65×
EV / EBITDA10.24×9.51×9.04×15.18×18.01×13.63×14.15×14.85×
Gross margin29.8%28.7%27.5%24.4%24.8%27.7%28.4%29.5%
Operating margin12.6%8.8%11.0%8.3%10.0%12.6%12.1%6.7%
Net margin10.3%7.5%7.8%5.7%8.5%10.0%10.8%12.2%
Current ratio4.55×4.44×4.34×4.33×4.19×5.44×5.51×3.78×
Debt / equity0.07×0.07×0.09×0.1×0.1×0.04×0×0.09×
Interest coverage21.66×11.06×15.06×20.33×49.2×73.5×19.07×7.33×
Dividend yield5.3%6.5%7.1%5.6%3.9%4.1%4.7%7.0%
Payout ratio95.3%130.8%128.5%176.8%98.1%87.2%98.0%95.7%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity9.1%6.5%6.6%4.8%7.4%8.7%9.4%10.5%
Return on invested capital7.4%4.9%6.4%5.1%6.5%8.1%9.2%4.0%
Return on assets7.3%5.3%5.3%3.8%5.9%7.4%8.3%8.6%
Free cash flow yield5.4%9.5%9.1%1.8%4.5%2.9%1.0%1.2%
Earnings yield5.6%5.0%5.5%3.2%3.9%4.7%4.8%7.4%
Enterprise value€420.7M€331.8M€306.3M€390M€538.6M€490.8M€517.8M€347.4M
Net debt / EBITDA0.09×-0.22×-0.19×-0.19×0.27×-0.32×-0.47×-1.29×
Cash conversion cycle (days)4965809872768333