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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+352.8%
€54.57
vs €12.05 price
Levered DCF
€53.74
After debt service
Piotroski score
5 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
1.71
Distress zone
Rating
B
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E20.62×13.04×17.76×18.21×32.47×35×275×20.42×
P/B2.5×2.05×2.21×1.77×5.23×3.37×1.66×3.84×
P/S0.79×0.75×0.86×0.71×1.95×1.88×1.07×0.88×
EV / EBITDA11.77×7.49×9.06×9.51×15.74×13.17×14.43×9.35×
Gross margin48.7%46.9%45.4%45.0%41.9%34.9%33.4%33.6%
Operating margin7.8%10.0%8.4%7.5%9.7%8.6%7.9%7.9%
Net margin4.0%5.7%4.8%3.8%6.0%5.4%0.4%4.3%
Current ratio1.94×1.75×1.74×1.94×2.37×4.48×5.02×2.79×
Debt / equity3.09×1.27×1.44×1.5×1.11×0.88×1.01×1.3×
Interest coverage2.79×3.71×3.1×4.28×6.07×4.32×3.85×5.86×
Dividend yield3.0%3.3%3.0%3.5%1.1%0.7%0.0%0.0%
Payout ratio58.8%43.0%52.8%64.4%36.2%24.2%0.0%0.0%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity12.7%15.8%12.4%9.6%16.2%9.6%0.6%18.7%
Return on invested capital5.6%9.3%6.8%5.6%8.9%5.4%1.4%10.1%
Return on assets3.1%5.6%4.2%3.2%6.1%4.5%0.3%6.5%
Free cash flow yield9.5%13.3%10.8%14.7%2.0%6.5%1.3%5.0%
Earnings yield5.1%7.7%5.6%5.4%3.1%2.9%0.4%4.9%
Enterprise value€644.4M€381M€394.2M€327M€550.9M€271.3M€140.3M€82.5M
Net debt / EBITDA6.22×2.76×3.43×4.16×2.47×1.38×3.57×2.17×
Cash conversion cycle (days)121112169180191191247227