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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+154.1%
€9.15
vs €3.60 price
Levered DCF
€6.69
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
0.74
Distress zone
Rating
A
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E13.42×9.91×10.59×14.82×17×14.81×15.11×14.29×
P/B1.41×0.97×1.02×1.1×1.2×1.12×1.25×1.1×
P/S2.1×1.54×1.63×2.19×2.17×2.23×2.47×2.41×
EV / EBITDA10.35×8.84×7.86×7.39×8.75×9.03×9.38×9.2×
Gross margin64.5%55.5%69.8%77.5%72.6%79.5%77.7%84.9%
Operating margin17.8%48.6%104.6%32.2%28.0%32.4%34.3%38.5%
Net margin15.7%15.5%15.7%14.6%12.4%15.5%16.3%17.3%
Current ratio0.24×0.38×0.68×0.68×0.82×0.55×0.35×0.59×
Debt / equity1.66×1.63×1.81×1.54×1.96×2.01×1.98×1.85×
Interest coverage2.38×5.34×12.66×3.97×4.64×4.05×3.9×3.83×
Dividend yield4.9%6.8%6.6%8.7%6.7%7.2%6.3%7.0%
Payout ratio65.2%67.0%68.4%129.4%116.7%103.8%95.4%98.0%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity10.5%9.8%9.9%7.4%6.9%7.8%8.2%7.9%
Return on invested capital3.4%8.9%16.1%3.9%3.1%3.5%3.7%3.8%
Return on assets3.0%2.8%2.6%1.7%1.7%2.1%2.2%2.2%
Free cash flow yield19.5%40.3%-40.1%9.2%29.5%13.1%9.3%12.8%
Earnings yield7.5%10.1%9.7%6.7%5.7%6.9%6.6%7.2%
Enterprise value€4.6B€4B€4.2B€3.6B€4.1B€4.3B€4.7B€4.3B
Net debt / EBITDA5.57×5.5×4.99×4×5.1×5.76×5.74×5.73×
Cash conversion cycle (days)-32621-303-294-240-285-149-578