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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+54.1%
€6.47
vs €4.20 price
Levered DCF
€6.12
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
3.68
Safe zone
Rating
B+
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E16.94×16.67×15.97×20.04×21.75×22.75×26.65×19.36×
P/B7.92×7.77×7.27×8.35×8.56×9.01×9.05×6.41×
P/S5.38×5.42×5.04×6×6.17×6.62×7.53×5.32×
EV / EBITDA9×8.96×8.48×10.46×10.61×11.37×12.69×9.78×
Gross margin56.7%49.0%58.4%79.4%82.7%81.9%80.4%76.4%
Operating margin45.1%47.8%46.3%42.3%39.6%39.8%40.7%38.5%
Net margin31.3%32.6%31.9%30.0%28.4%28.5%28.6%27.4%
Current ratio0.38×0.74×0.81×0.51×0.89×0.78×1.1×1.19×
Debt / equity0.76×0.82×0.74×0.8×0.64×0.31×0.22×0×
Interest coverage22.36×20×23.62×56.95×84.2×98.79×91.74×105.66×
Dividend yield5.9%5.8%5.4%4.4%4.5%4.3%3.6%4.8%
Payout ratio101.2%96.2%85.1%88.5%97.9%99.0%94.3%92.2%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity46.1%46.7%46.0%41.8%39.4%38.8%34.4%33.0%
Return on invested capital25.1%25.0%25.3%21.6%22.0%26.4%25.2%28.4%
Return on assets19.1%19.5%18.4%16.6%16.8%19.6%18.5%20.3%
Free cash flow yield7.0%5.7%6.5%4.2%2.4%3.8%4.6%6.7%
Earnings yield5.8%6.0%6.3%5.0%4.6%4.3%3.8%5.2%
Enterprise value€1.7B€1.6B€1.5B€1.6B€1.5B€1.5B€1.7B€1.1B
Net debt / EBITDA0.74×0.79×0.6×0.7×0.62×0.35×0.07×-0.14×
Cash conversion cycle (days)-54-37-106-326-468-293-311-318