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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+172.4%
€222.43
vs €81.67 price
Levered DCF
€216.39
After debt service
Piotroski score
7 / 9
Strong
Altman Z-score
2.2
Grey zone
Rating
B+
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E12.92×21.35×20.83×13.43×17.82×8.01×40.01×21.93×
P/B1.41×1.51×1.52×1.5×1.62×1.56×1.9×1.6×
P/S2.16×2.65×2.73×2.79×2.83×2.64×2.98×2.64×
EV / EBITDA9.13×10.26×9.73×8.97×10.54×10.34×12.19×11.81×
Gross margin72.1%70.2%69.3%70.6%68.7%67.6%68.2%68.3%
Operating margin20.5%32.6%31.6%32.6%20.7%37.8%8.1%13.1%
Net margin16.7%12.6%13.1%20.8%15.9%32.9%7.3%12.1%
Current ratio1.09×1.46×1.27×1.42×1.44×1.75×1.42×1.42×
Debt / equity0.28×0.23×0.25×0.28×0.33×0.38×0.44×0.42×
Interest coverage15.33×24.24×24.87×33.37×22.45×30.48×5.61×9.93×
Dividend yield4.7%4.0%4.0%3.7%3.6%4.0%3.4%4.0%
Payout ratio61.1%84.6%82.5%49.8%64.4%32.0%139.2%87.6%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity10.9%7.2%7.3%11.2%9.1%19.5%4.7%7.3%
Return on invested capital7.7%11.0%10.3%9.9%6.4%12.5%3.0%4.4%
Return on assets6.2%4.2%4.3%6.6%5.2%10.7%2.4%3.9%
Free cash flow yield8.9%5.0%7.7%7.4%7.6%5.4%5.3%3.8%
Earnings yield7.7%4.7%4.8%7.4%5.6%12.5%2.5%4.6%
Enterprise value€113.9B€127.8B€122.1B€120.9B€123.3B€112.2B€128.5B€112.1B
Net debt / EBITDA1.04×0.84×0.77×0.63×1.05×1.25×1.56×1.87×
Cash conversion cycle (days)-555140166163167199180174