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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+80.5%
€21.30
vs €11.80 price
Levered DCF
€20.22
After debt service
Piotroski score
7 / 9
Strong
Altman Z-score
3.76
Safe zone
Rating
A-
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E16.51×15.32×14.2×9.54×14.83×16.12×14.95×14.54×
P/B2.17×1.88×1.58×1.32×2×2.33×2.28×2.11×
P/S1.45×1.17×1.16×0.97×1.46×1.6×1.55×1.36×
EV / EBITDA9.96×8.99×8.02×9.28×12×13.19×10.25×10.34×
Gross margin37.1%37.7%37.8%34.1%35.3%37.7%37.2%37.5%
Operating margin10.9%10.2%9.8%7.2%9.0%12.7%11.8%11.8%
Net margin8.8%7.7%8.2%10.2%9.9%9.8%10.3%9.5%
Current ratio2.1×2.42×2.93×2.34×2.51×2.73×2.25×2.56×
Debt / equity0.15×0.22×0.25×0.2×0.23×0.27×0.31×0.21×
Interest coverage20.15×10.41×12.59×14.19×36.96×35.47×25.04×29.51×
Dividend yield2.2%2.1%1.7%2.2%2.5%1.7%1.7%1.9%
Payout ratio36.9%31.9%24.8%21.5%36.4%28.3%25.1%26.8%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity13.2%12.3%11.1%13.8%13.5%14.3%15.1%14.7%
Return on invested capital10.7%10.1%8.1%6.4%8.0%11.7%11.0%12.4%
Return on assets8.4%7.7%7.1%9.1%8.7%8.9%9.0%9.2%
Free cash flow yield4.6%6.3%9.3%2.7%3.3%0.6%1.1%-0.3%
Earnings yield6.1%6.5%7.0%10.4%6.8%6.2%6.6%6.9%
Enterprise value€871.8M€739M€536.6M€439M€618.8M€658.6M€595.6M€481.6M
Net debt / EBITDA-0.01×0.44×-0.33×0.09×0.44×0.62×0.4×0.28×
Cash conversion cycle (days)87114115124125153148131