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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+51.0%
€18.24
vs €12.08 price
Levered DCF
€59.76
After debt service
Piotroski score
3 / 9
Weak
Altman Z-score
3.12
Safe zone
Rating
A-
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E15.84×13.98×10.58×12.19×16.22×11.44×11.11×8.96×
P/B2.07×1.85×1.91×1.88×2.33×2.3×1.89×1.78×
P/S0.82×0.69×0.56×0.51×0.69×0.71×0.54×0.46×
EV / EBITDA9.81×7.53×6.95×8.4×10.02×7.38×6.78×6.06×
Gross margin9.4%32.6%9.1%27.7%29.8%31.5%32.9%32.0%
Operating margin5.5%6.7%6.8%5.4%5.7%5.4%6.1%6.7%
Net margin5.1%5.0%5.3%4.2%4.3%6.2%4.8%5.1%
Current ratio1.96×2.07×1.79×1.77×1.87×2.11×1.94×1.67×
Debt / equity0.27×0.24×0.27×0.47×0.41×0.24×0.4×0.33×
Interest coverage13.75×21.22×19.35×19.61×26.13×21.76×16.91×23.49×
Dividend yield2.4%2.8%2.7%2.9%2.3%2.3%2.6%2.7%
Payout ratio38.4%38.8%28.3%35.1%36.9%26.1%29.6%24.3%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity13.0%13.3%18.1%15.5%14.3%20.2%16.9%20.0%
Return on invested capital8.5%10.4%13.9%11.3%10.5%12.3%12.1%15.3%
Return on assets6.9%7.1%9.3%6.7%6.3%10.9%8.3%9.5%
Free cash flow yield7.6%14.2%9.2%-2.1%-5.3%6.2%8.0%7.4%
Earnings yield6.3%7.2%9.5%8.2%6.2%8.8%8.9%11.2%
Enterprise value€663M€559M€559.6M€512.1M€542.5M€438M€360.6M€285.9M
Net debt / EBITDA0.17×0.29×0.64×1.4×1.11×0.31×0.87×0.6×
Cash conversion cycle (days)83123114132129959988