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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+967.2%
€823.88
vs €77.20 price
Levered DCF
€984.79
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
1.25
Distress zone
Rating
B
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E26.5×17×17.94×15.7×19.73×22.49×16.49×13.3×
P/B0.85×1.66×2.54×2.26×2.08×1.23×1.15×0.83×
P/S0.45×0.51×0.79×0.72×0.71×0.46×0.41×0.35×
EV / EBITDA5.07×6.89×7.55×6.73×6.43×5.79×5.74×5.52×
Gross margin13.8%57.0%58.0%26.1%25.6%23.5%22.2%59.2%
Operating margin6.5%7.7%9.3%8.9%8.7%7.2%6.7%7.6%
Net margin1.7%3.0%4.4%4.6%3.6%2.1%2.5%2.7%
Current ratio2.04×0.8×1.09×1.03×1.32×1.07×1.04×1.03×
Debt / equity1.88×2.8×2.36×2.27×2.4×2.2×2.15×1.66×
Interest coverage1.81×2.65×4.21×4.58×3.02×2.68×2.93×3.21×
Dividend yield1.6%1.5%1.0%1.1%1.3%2.4%2.5%3.6%
Payout ratio43.4%26.3%18.0%17.5%26.1%53.7%41.6%47.6%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity3.2%9.8%14.1%14.4%10.5%5.5%7.0%6.2%
Return on invested capital2.8%3.6%6.1%5.7%4.8%3.6%3.6%4.7%
Return on assets0.8%1.7%3.0%3.2%2.3%1.3%1.6%1.7%
Free cash flow yield14.5%19.3%11.1%4.8%6.7%12.8%7.8%15.2%
Earnings yield3.8%5.9%5.6%6.4%5.1%4.5%6.1%7.5%
Enterprise value€1.1B€1.5B€1.5B€1.3B€1B€760.7M€749.6M€557M
Net debt / EBITDA2.49×4.03×3.21×3.04×2.95×3.43×3.49×3.46×
Cash conversion cycle (days)48-55-5137172641-28