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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
-0.8%
€78.90
vs €79.50 price
Levered DCF
-€29.57
After debt service
Piotroski score
4 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
0.88
Distress zone
Rating
B
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E12.67×12.24×29.34×31.37×23.23×34.73×17.08×34.26×
P/B0.9×0.94×1.05×1.11×1.08×1.26×0.49×1.97×
P/S9.6×9.83×10.66×12.35×14.96×18.4×9.03×9.52×
EV / EBITDA15.79×22.13×17.63×20.18×21.13×23.05×5.4×19.31×
Gross margin69.2%100.0%71.0%77.4%76.2%77.7%86.8%85.7%
Operating margin74.4%89.5%48.0%66.0%68.5%60.7%48.1%47.0%
Net margin75.7%80.3%36.3%39.3%79.6%52.9%52.9%27.8%
Current ratio9.79×0.34×1.84×3.2×1.95×11.34×10.63×0.4×
Debt / equity0.59×0.53×0.59×0.67×0.44×0.48×0.44×1.38×
Interest coverage3.52×2.92×3.37×4.6×7.36×0×3.54×2.85×
Dividend yield5.5%5.2%4.5%3.9%3.8%3.8%3.5%3.4%
Payout ratio69.7%64.1%132.1%123.2%70.8%133.8%60.4%115.5%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity7.1%7.7%3.6%3.5%5.7%3.6%2.9%5.7%
Return on invested capital4.1%5.3%2.8%3.8%3.6%2.7%1.8%4.0%
Return on assets4.3%4.8%2.2%2.3%4.3%2.4%2.0%2.3%
Free cash flow yield5.0%6.6%6.9%-21.9%-20.2%-23.9%-45.0%-2.1%
Earnings yield7.9%8.2%3.4%3.2%5.3%2.9%5.9%2.9%
Enterprise value€533.1M€539.5M€597M€654.9M€532.8M€425.8M€86M€239.3M
Net debt / EBITDA5.68×7.78×6.18×7.2×5.42×2.52×-4.01×7.72×
Cash conversion cycle (days)6610211413749-85-119-46