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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+120.8%
€12.85
vs €5.82 price
Levered DCF
€18.76
After debt service
Piotroski score
5 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
1.5
Distress zone
Rating
C
Overall 2 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E-18.58×-4.93×12.35×7.57×6.39×-10.69×15.05×5.61×
P/B2.72×0.82×1×1.05×1.59×2.36×2.27×1.66×
P/S0.34×0.17×0.23×0.27×0.35×0.36×0.44×0.35×
EV / EBITDA5.99×6.04×3.52×3.53×3.27×7.11×4.33×3.52×
Gross margin18.4%21.1%21.5%22.6%24.8%22.7%24.8%25.9%
Operating margin2.7%7.5%6.8%6.8%9.1%6.5%8.0%9.2%
Net margin-1.8%-3.5%1.9%3.5%5.5%-3.4%3.0%6.2%
Current ratio1.45×1.28×1.33×1.62×1.53×1.74×1.49×1.57×
Debt / equity2.67×1.76×1.11×0.87×1.31×2.2×1.2×1.13×
Interest coverage2.35×3.97×5.67×8.68×10.03×6.73×11.17×13.18×
Dividend yield3.1%9.8%8.1%7.9%3.4%6.5%5.6%7.3%
Payout ratio-58.5%-48.4%98.7%60.3%21.8%-69.6%84.3%41.0%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity-14.6%-16.6%8.2%13.9%24.8%-22.2%15.2%29.6%
Return on invested capital4.1%-1842.8%6.1%7.4%8.5%8.3%8.5%10.9%
Return on assets-1.9%-3.0%2.1%3.9%5.3%-3.2%3.3%7.1%
Free cash flow yield5.2%13.9%10.8%8.2%12.5%13.6%8.7%7.9%
Earnings yield-5.4%-20.3%8.2%13.1%15.6%-9.4%6.7%17.9%
Enterprise value€13.3B€8.9B€7.5B€6.9B€7.2B€7.3B€9.1B€7.5B
Net debt / EBITDA2.43×3.91×1.74×1.37×1.08×2.67×1.29×1.2×
Cash conversion cycle (days)7079727376716960