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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+49.8%
€22.24
vs €14.85 price
Levered DCF
€54.77
After debt service
Piotroski score
7 / 9
Strong
Altman Z-score
2.05
Grey zone
Rating
B+
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E13.2×15.15×12.75×11.88×9.88×14.39×15.31×11.59×
P/B0.53×0.6×0.61×0.68×0.74×0.86×0.69×0.76×
P/S0.24×0.27×0.27×0.31×0.35×0.42×0.34×0.38×
EV / EBITDA4.84×4.69×4.59×4.44×4.43×5.2×5.65×5.14×
Gross margin22.1%42.7%41.6%42.0%43.4%43.4%43.1%43.2%
Operating margin5.1%6.1%6.4%6.4%7.6%6.9%5.6%6.8%
Net margin1.8%1.8%2.1%2.6%3.6%2.9%2.3%3.2%
Current ratio1.52×1.59×1.52×1.53×1.54×1.56×1.52×1.59×
Debt / equity0.53×0.49×0.5×0.4×0.39×0.36×0.46×0.3×
Interest coverage3.87×4.16×4.8×7.94×16.67×15.7×11.33×17.8×
Dividend yield4.4%3.9%3.9%3.7%2.9%2.1%3.4%3.1%
Payout ratio58.0%59.3%50.2%43.6%28.8%30.4%52.0%36.4%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity4.1%4.0%4.8%5.7%7.5%6.0%4.5%6.6%
Return on invested capital4.3%5.3%6.1%6.3%7.2%6.4%4.9%6.4%
Return on assets1.7%1.7%2.0%2.5%3.4%2.8%2.0%3.1%
Free cash flow yield2.7%15.0%-0.5%9.3%3.2%16.3%1.2%10.0%
Earnings yield7.6%6.6%7.8%8.4%10.1%6.9%6.5%8.6%
Enterprise value€204.3M€211.4M€211.4M€198.8M€199.4M€206.1M€187.8M€166.5M
Net debt / EBITDA2.29×2×1.96×1.54×1.42×1.4×2.15×1.23×
Cash conversion cycle (days)165192192195183178136175