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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+26.4%
€17.45
vs €13.81 price
Levered DCF
€19.63
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
5.05
Safe zone
Rating
A-
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E27.83×23.75×24.51×22.34×27.29×51.33×28.27×20.24×
P/B9.61×5.49×5.09×4.19×5.5×6.46×9.03×9.01×
P/S3.15×2.31×2.23×2×2.79×3.66×3.5×2.95×
EV / EBITDA14.54×10.62×11.42×10.81×14.28×19.15×16.86×14.61×
Gross margin37.6%41.4%43.8%34.5%33.8%34.5%38.9%46.3%
Operating margin15.6%13.2%12.1%11.5%12.9%10.7%16.4%17.3%
Net margin11.3%9.7%9.1%8.8%10.3%7.1%12.5%14.7%
Current ratio1.27×1.46×1.49×1.44×1.36×1.57×1.27×1.19×
Debt / equity0.17×0.19×0.19×0.3×0.42×0.44×0.43×0.55×
Interest coverage9.6×36.94×37.17×44.04×51.94×30.29×56.01×83.89×
Dividend yield5.1%2.7%2.8%2.2%2.6%0.0%1.6%1.0%
Payout ratio141.1%63.4%69.7%50.6%70.2%0.0%43.5%19.4%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity34.5%23.0%20.8%18.5%20.4%12.5%32.3%44.8%
Return on invested capital25.2%15.4%14.2%12.7%12.8%8.5%20.2%36.2%
Return on assets13.8%9.6%9.0%8.1%8.3%5.3%13.0%15.6%
Free cash flow yield4.5%5.5%3.9%5.5%4.0%3.9%4.2%2.4%
Earnings yield3.6%4.2%4.1%4.4%3.7%1.9%3.6%5.0%
Enterprise value€3.1B€1.9B€1.6B€1.3B€1.7B€1.8B€2.3B€1.9B
Net debt / EBITDA-0.71×-1.12×-1.1×-0.82×-0.37×-0.81×-0.03×0.27×
Cash conversion cycle (days)-01612522252629