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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+520.2%
€795.09
vs €128.20 price
Levered DCF
€3,751.44
After debt service
Piotroski score
3 / 9
Weak
Altman Z-score
0.75
Distress zone
Rating
A
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E11.85×10.72×10.39×15.89×10.64×12.41×12.1×10.71×
P/B2.18×1.82×1.57×1.3×1×0.77×1.1×0.86×
P/S0.51×0.83×0.85×0.6×0.25×0.21×0.29×0.22×
EV / EBITDA6.01×4.89×6.34×5.99×5.42×5.84×5.38×4.16×
Gross margin100.0%107.1%105.8%105.0%78.1%76.6%77.3%77.0%
Operating margin8.9%18.3%14.7%14.0%5.3%3.7%5.9%5.5%
Net margin4.3%7.7%8.2%3.8%2.3%1.7%2.4%2.1%
Current ratio0×0.8×1.75×15.49×19.47×19.72×19.87×15.64×
Debt / equity0.63×0.76×0.87×1.13×0.72×0.6×0.61×0.57×
Interest coverage14.46×16.92×10.4×13.99×10.22×5.48×8.66×7.93×
Dividend yield2.4%5.4%3.1%3.6%3.5%4.7%3.3%9.8%
Payout ratio28.1%57.5%32.1%57.4%37.5%58.5%39.8%104.4%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity18.4%17.0%15.1%8.2%9.4%6.2%9.1%8.1%
Return on invested capital2.0%1.8%1.5%1.0%0.8%0.6%0.9%0.9%
Return on assets1.3%1.1%0.9%0.4%0.5%0.4%0.5%0.4%
Free cash flow yield26.9%39.7%46.5%51.4%78.0%73.1%57.1%45.6%
Earnings yield8.4%9.3%9.6%6.3%9.4%8.1%8.3%9.3%
Enterprise value€32.6B€25B€20.4B€17.4B€14.5B€10.7B€13.9B€9.1B
Net debt / EBITDA0.59×0.73×1.24×2.13×1.39×1.47×1.05×0.74×
Cash conversion cycle (days)5528,4196359-35-189-186-176