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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+1358.0%
€96.15
vs €6.60 price
Levered DCF
€77.54
After debt service
Piotroski score
5 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
2.37
Grey zone
Rating
C+
Overall 2 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E12.47×14.77×15.89×11.29×14.77×13.53×15.77×11.89×
P/B1.59×2.71×3.24×2.69×4.72×4.4×4.02×2.45×
P/S0.26×0.43×0.62×0.57×1.01×0.89×0.79×0.49×
EV / EBITDA6.18×6.45×8.36×6.71×8.45×7.93×8.65×8.67×
Gross margin13.5%35.6%35.0%34.0%34.8%34.6%34.4%33.9%
Operating margin4.8%5.9%6.7%7.2%9.4%9.2%7.3%5.8%
Net margin2.1%2.9%3.9%5.0%6.8%6.6%5.0%4.1%
Current ratio1.39×1.2×1.27×1.46×1.62×1.07×1.5×1.94×
Debt / equity3.34×3.08×3.27×1.61×1.64×1.92×2.25×0.99×
Interest coverage1.92×2.19×3.62×7.94×10.71×9.85×6.62×9×
Dividend yield4.4%6.3%5.2%8.5%4.3%3.8%4.0%5.6%
Payout ratio55.1%92.4%82.8%96.2%64.1%51.5%62.5%67.3%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity12.7%18.4%20.3%23.8%31.9%32.6%25.5%20.5%
Return on invested capital5.3%6.6%6.4%10.4%13.3%12.5%9.2%11.1%
Return on assets2.4%3.5%3.8%7.4%9.5%9.0%6.4%7.4%
Free cash flow yield24.0%7.0%19.3%4.8%9.1%14.5%9.2%5.9%
Earnings yield8.0%6.8%6.3%8.8%6.8%7.4%6.3%8.4%
Enterprise value€1.3B€1.5B€1.6B€1.1B€1.5B€1.3B€1.1B€561.8M
Net debt / EBITDA4.09×3.4×3.85×2.47×1.83×2.08×2.96×2.08×
Cash conversion cycle (days)546174104869010184