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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+337.3%
€195.68
vs €44.75 price
Levered DCF
€262.58
After debt service
Piotroski score
5 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
2.37
Grey zone
Rating
B
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E17.01×28.31×14.9×12.71×15.13×20.74×253.54×167.6×
P/B2.34×3.01×2.04×1.39×1.28×1.08×1.39×1.1×
P/S1×1.48×1.03×1.01×1.23×1.34×1.92×2.37×
EV / EBITDA8.69×15.03×8.43×9.7×11.29×13.65×27.26×53.48×
Gross margin38.6%25.0%15.7%72.5%78.5%80.3%80.5%83.3%
Operating margin11.6%8.4%9.0%9.2%10.0%4.6%6.0%4.6%
Net margin5.9%5.2%6.9%8.0%8.2%6.5%0.8%1.4%
Current ratio1.65×1.43×1.42×1.63×1.85×2.27×2.95×4.6×
Debt / equity1.27×1.22×0.99×1.05×0.95×0.62×0.57×0.57×
Interest coverage6.76×5.3×7.65×12.09×21.63×7.36×8.02×7.41×
Dividend yield0.8%0.7%0.9%0.0%0.4%0.0%5.1%12.4%
Payout ratio13.7%18.5%13.8%0.0%6.6%0.0%1290.3%2072.7%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity13.7%10.6%13.6%11.0%8.5%5.2%0.5%0.7%
Return on invested capital8.3%5.1%6.2%4.3%3.9%1.7%0.5%1.3%
Return on assets4.3%3.5%5.1%4.0%3.5%2.6%0.3%0.4%
Free cash flow yield6.6%3.7%3.5%10.8%5.9%-2.5%-2.0%0.9%
Earnings yield5.9%3.5%6.7%7.9%6.6%4.9%0.4%0.6%
Enterprise value€509.1M€575.2M€306.9M€233.5M€170.8M€133M€148.6M€138.3M
Net debt / EBITDA1.93×3.26×2.06×3.39×3.43×4.2×6.43×16.87×
Cash conversion cycle (days)95105110146214224205250