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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+119.1%
€137.62
vs €62.80 price
Levered DCF
€212.62
After debt service
Piotroski score
7 / 9
Strong
Altman Z-score
1.47
Distress zone
Rating
A
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E12.32×5.98×5.64×6.74×7.91×9.9×12.19×12.49×
P/B1.16×0.55×0.53×0.41×0.68×0.71×0.78×0.82×
P/S0.88×0.42×0.37×0.29×0.52×0.55×0.66×0.72×
EV / EBITDA5.84×3.44×3.91×4.71×4.85×4.73×6.4×5.99×
Gross margin11.5%36.1%34.0%31.1%35.9%38.7%37.6%36.3%
Operating margin12.0%11.8%10.6%7.6%10.8%9.9%9.5%9.6%
Net margin7.1%7.0%6.6%4.3%6.5%5.6%5.4%5.8%
Current ratio1.35×1.57×1.4×1.58×1.34×1.53×1.34×1.56×
Debt / equity0.58×0.6×0.71×0.81×0.8×0.75×0.74×0.56×
Interest coverage6.84×4.46×3.99×3.66×6.12×4.61×4.3×4.96×
Dividend yield3.4%6.3%6.4%7.8%4.6%4.8%4.0%3.9%
Payout ratio42.3%37.5%36.2%52.8%36.3%47.6%49.4%49.0%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity9.4%9.2%9.5%6.0%8.7%7.1%6.4%6.6%
Return on invested capital6.1%6.2%6.3%3.7%4.9%4.3%3.7%4.3%
Return on assets4.3%4.3%4.1%2.4%3.6%3.0%2.7%3.1%
Free cash flow yield9.2%21.9%19.1%-6.2%3.2%13.5%8.0%10.9%
Earnings yield8.1%16.7%17.7%14.8%12.6%10.1%8.2%8.0%
Enterprise value€4.5B€2.9B€2.9B€2.7B€3B€2.8B€3.1B€2.8B
Net debt / EBITDA1.49×1.49×1.95×2.84×2.21×2.09×2.71×2.04×
Cash conversion cycle (days)6462656462627976