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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+43.2%
€125.02
vs €87.30 price
Levered DCF
€109.23
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
3.73
Safe zone
Rating
A
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E13.75×12.04×12.36×15.42×16.89×16.07×16.92×14.28×
P/B2.04×2.28×2.35×2.29×2.54×3.14×3.35×2.72×
P/S1.96×1.87×1.85×1.76×2.26×2.59×2.4×1.73×
EV / EBITDA6.55×7×8.46×9.02×9.5×9.54×10.14×8.73×
Gross margin60.2%57.6%54.9%48.4%65.9%65.7%67.9%65.9%
Operating margin19.9%20.8%18.6%13.7%16.5%19.6%18.3%15.4%
Net margin14.3%18.7%15.0%11.4%13.4%16.1%14.2%12.1%
Current ratio1.58×1.56×1.28×1.6×1.56×1.21×1.21×1.49×
Debt / equity0.08×0.26×0.49×0.27×0.19×0.23×0.36×0.69×
Interest coverage9.42×8.24×17.82×60.58×83.92×61.5×38.68×22.22×
Dividend yield1.8%5.8%1.3%1.5%1.3%1.2%1.1%1.4%
Payout ratio24.8%58.3%16.1%22.5%22.7%19.8%19.2%20.5%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity14.8%22.8%19.1%14.9%15.0%19.5%19.8%19.0%
Return on invested capital11.5%13.9%11.6%10.3%10.9%13.0%13.5%10.6%
Return on assets9.0%12.9%9.4%7.9%8.5%10.5%9.8%8.2%
Free cash flow yield6.7%6.5%3.9%-0.3%7.0%5.4%5.0%6.1%
Earnings yield7.3%10.0%8.1%6.5%5.9%6.2%5.9%7.0%
Enterprise value€2.9B€3.2B€3.4B€2.5B€2.5B€2.6B€2.7B€2.1B
Net debt / EBITDA0.02×0.53×1.28×0.45×0.11×0.28×0.88×1.7×
Cash conversion cycle (days)20781057533709924