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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
-26.8%
€257.20
vs €351.50 price
Levered DCF
€376.22
After debt service
Piotroski score
5 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
3.33
Safe zone
Rating
A-
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E19.88×18.25×24.97×15.79×31.68×14.76×38.71×47.62×
P/B2.67×2.54×3.37×2.29×4.95×3.23×3.85×2.08×
P/S2.05×1.9×2.43×1.58×3.37×2.15×2.13×1.1×
EV / EBITDA11.39×10.17×12.91×8.56×17.59×8.38×14.79×11.74×
Gross margin35.4%67.1%64.9%35.1%35.6%31.1%66.5%66.1%
Operating margin14.8%15.5%14.8%15.0%15.0%19.7%11.2%8.6%
Net margin10.3%10.4%9.7%10.0%10.6%14.6%5.5%2.3%
Current ratio1.53×1.82×1.93×1.85×1.68×1.83×1.21×1.23×
Debt / equity0.26×0.29×0.13×0.12×0.13×0.19×0.89×1.06×
Interest coverage24.54×19.52×20.81×49.53×26.76×17.15×5.89×4.16×
Dividend yield0.4%0.4%0.4%0.5%0.2%0.0%0.0%0.0%
Payout ratio8.1%7.6%9.2%8.7%5.6%0.0%0.0%0.0%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity13.4%13.9%13.5%14.5%15.6%21.9%10.0%4.4%
Return on invested capital10.5%10.5%11.5%12.3%13.6%17.8%6.9%3.7%
Return on assets7.9%7.9%8.3%9.0%9.2%12.3%3.9%1.6%
Free cash flow yield3.4%5.1%2.6%2.4%2.2%4.0%5.8%6.0%
Earnings yield5.0%5.5%4.0%6.3%3.2%6.8%2.6%2.1%
Enterprise value€3.2B€2.8B€3B€1.8B€3.5B€1.9B€2.4B€1.4B
Net debt / EBITDA0.6×0.57×-0.24×-0.37×-0.39×-0.29×2.3×3.6×
Cash conversion cycle (days)154272243149142129190194