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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
-5.9%
€77.39
vs €82.25 price
Levered DCF
€26.76
After debt service
Piotroski score
4 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
2.13
Grey zone
Rating
C+
Overall 2 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E-4.2×14.44×17.96×4.74×8.1×30.64×-5.23×16.04×
P/B0.96×0.75×1.27×1.22×2.17×3.57×1.71×1.28×
P/S0.63×0.61×0.88×0.72×1.05×1.24×0.68×0.79×
EV / EBITDA11.87×5.42×6.97×3.45×4.7×9.55×-55.17×5.7×
Gross margin12.0%17.2%16.9%26.3%26.9%18.5%14.0%17.6%
Operating margin-1.9%4.7%5.5%17.6%16.7%5.5%0.5%4.7%
Net margin-15.0%4.2%4.9%15.2%13.0%4.0%-13.0%4.9%
Current ratio3.06×2.66×2.21×2.42×2.25×4.33×3.12×2.5×
Debt / equity0.66×0.42×0.34×0.28×0.41×0.76×0.49×0.23×
Interest coverage-0.62×3.56×2.77×28.28×24.78×5.26×0.42×4.08×
Dividend yield3.6%4.3%10.6%6.7%1.5%0.4%3.7%5.7%
Payout ratio-15.1%61.8%190.1%31.8%12.3%13.1%-19.3%90.9%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity-22.8%5.2%7.1%25.7%26.7%11.6%-32.7%8.0%
Return on invested capital-1.4%3.3%4.0%14.4%11.5%3.8%0.4%3.0%
Return on assets-9.3%2.6%3.5%13.3%9.9%2.7%-9.9%3.5%
Free cash flow yield-0.1%-9.8%5.3%9.5%11.4%11.2%5.7%2.6%
Earnings yield-23.8%6.9%5.6%21.1%12.3%3.3%-19.1%6.2%
Enterprise value€4.7B€4.4B€6.1B€6.4B€6.9B€6.4B€3.9B€4.3B
Net debt / EBITDA3.19×1.11×0.56×0.24×0.22×0.9×-7.37×0.48×
Cash conversion cycle (days)11512596893596111100