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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+34.6%
€50.19
vs €37.30 price
Levered DCF
€44.83
After debt service
Piotroski score
4 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
0.93
Distress zone
Rating
A+
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E8.98×11.95×13.28×9.56×9.5×14.93×19.11×7.91×
P/B0.74×0.72×0.69×0.69×0.82×0.85×1.21×0.99×
P/S4.68×4.54×4.46×4.94×6.23×6.62×8.65×7.76×
EV / EBITDA14.08×15.76×14.32×17.63×17.38×26.07×27.63×0×
Gross margin84.7%85.2%85.4%84.8%83.6%83.6%82.4%0.0%
Operating margin71.4%60.3%62.8%41.0%70.6%52.3%54.7%106.6%
Net margin52.1%36.8%33.5%51.6%65.6%44.4%45.3%98.0%
Current ratio0.16×0.67×1.24×0.52×0.19×0.18×0.29×0.21×
Debt / equity0.85×0.85×0.74×0.8×0.85×0.85×0.71×0.67×
Interest coverage3.71×2.34×2.75×4.6×9.53×0×12.2×12.76×
Dividend yield8.6%8.1%9.0%5.0%6.5%6.2%4.9%7.1%
Payout ratio77.5%99.7%120.2%48.0%62.2%93.2%93.9%56.0%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity8.2%5.9%5.2%7.2%8.6%5.7%6.3%12.5%
Return on invested capital6.0%5.2%4.6%3.2%5.0%3.6%4.5%7.5%
Return on assets4.4%3.1%2.7%4.0%4.6%3.0%3.6%7.2%
Free cash flow yield11.0%13.7%13.9%9.2%8.2%1.9%5.0%12.6%
Earnings yield11.1%8.1%7.5%10.5%10.5%6.7%5.2%12.6%
Enterprise value€291.8M€285.1M€239M€251.2M€271.1M€268.7M€302.1M€258.3M
Net debt / EBITDA7.52×8.52×7.41×9.48×8.86×13.05×10.25×0×
Cash conversion cycle (days)-126-772,41891919162430