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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
-41.9%
€137.65
vs €237.00 price
Levered DCF
€141.39
After debt service
Piotroski score
4 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
5.33
Safe zone
Rating
B+
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E36×26.94×32.37×40.58×62.09×45.67×40.7×32.92×
P/B7.18×5×6.86×9.96×20.65×15.67×11.69×8.53×
P/S2.61×1.85×2.4×3.66×7.92×5.62×3.99×3.61×
EV / EBITDA14.98×11.89×15.31×20.42×34.86×25.52×21.57×18.37×
Gross margin23.2%23.9%22.2%26.0%30.1%28.3%24.5%29.2%
Operating margin11.4%10.5%10.2%13.6%18.9%18.1%14.6%16.5%
Net margin7.3%6.9%7.4%9.0%12.8%12.3%9.8%11.0%
Current ratio1.9×1.79×1.71×1.74×2.45×2.28×2.13×2.18×
Debt / equity0.12×0.16×0.14×0.15×0.13×0.18×0.23×0×
Interest coverage59.07×54.79×44.98×114.39×216.53×153.5×91.48×199.72×
Dividend yield1.5%2.0%2.0%2.7%0.6%0.6%1.5%1.3%
Payout ratio53.0%54.6%63.5%111.2%38.1%28.7%59.3%43.3%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity20.0%18.5%21.2%24.5%33.3%34.3%28.8%25.9%
Return on invested capital12.2%11.0%12.5%14.7%22.5%22.0%17.8%20.2%
Return on assets8.1%7.8%8.9%9.9%15.7%14.6%11.9%12.3%
Free cash flow yield4.5%6.2%4.6%-0.7%1.8%2.9%2.5%0.2%
Earnings yield2.8%3.7%3.1%2.5%1.6%2.2%2.5%3.0%
Enterprise value€1.1B€719.5M€922.4M€1.3B€2.6B€1.5B€858.8M€533.9M
Net debt / EBITDA-0.89×-0.55×-0.37×-0.04×-1.38×-1.39×-1.18×-1.93×
Cash conversion cycle (days)979510413278726389